The Clinical Effects of Kinesioã‚â® Tex Taping a Systematic Review

Papers

Medical Science Monitor , 2007

Decrease in skin claret flow (BF) due to diabetes may be one reason why only 31% of neuropathic di... more Decrease in skin blood flow (BF) due to diabetes may be ane reason why merely 31% of neuropathic diabetic ulcers heal in xx-weeks. Contempo evidence shows that skin claret menstruation may be increased if therapy is done in a warm room. The purpose of this investigation was to compare healing rates and skin blood menses of chronic phase Three and 4 wounds in people with diabetes (D) and those without diabetes (WD) using a warm room and electric stimulation. Twenty subjects with chronic phase 3 and IV wounds were treated at an outpatient wound center. Ten were D, and ten were WD. Treatment consisted of biphasic electrical stimulation up to 20 ma for thirty minutes, 3 10 week for 4 weeks in a 32 degrees C room. Peel claret period was measured by a Laser Doppler Imager. BF increased non only during the stimulation (the increase in BF was greater for D at 87% than WD at 6%) at the outside of the wound simply even at balance before stimulation started later on the initial handling creating a carryover outcome. There...

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Purpose: To determine if Kinesio Taping® every bit a therapeutic intervention will decrease plantar pain... more Purpose: To determine if Kinesio Taping® as a therapeutic intervention volition subtract plantar pain and better functional outcomes in individuals with plantar fasciitis (PF). Methods: x (7 F/3 One thousand; mean historic period 40.3 years old) subjects reported for iii sessions: baseline measurements, after i week of taping application, and afterwards 3 weeks of taping application. At each session, the following data were collected: 1) Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSK U.s.) imaging of plantar fascia thickness via a long-axis scan at the insertion of the calcaneus; 2) Numerical Hurting Rating Scale (NPRS); and iii) Pes and Ankle Ability Measure out Scores (FAAM). At the initial session, patients were instructed on Kinesio Taping® protocol and supplied with enough product for daily re-application throughout the written report. A ane-style ANOVA was used to compare the outcome measures from the 3 visits. Results: There was a trend towards significant subtract in thickness between the baseline and final measures (P=0.063). This stu...

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Twenty subjects were evaluated to test the effectiveness of a portable abdominal device (half-dozen second... more Xx subjects were evaluated to test the effectiveness of a portable abdominal device (half-dozen 2nd Abs Machine (Savvier, LP, Carlsbad,CA). The human relationship between work and meridian surface EMG (sEMG) of a traditional crunch was compared to six different exercises using the 6 Second Abs Machine (SAM). sEMG was used to evaluate the bilateral rectus and oblique muscles. The work accomplished (EMG amplitude x time of contraction) in a crunch was 9 times greater using the SAM device for the Rectus and 11 times greater for the Oblique muscles (p<0.02). The sitting reverse exercise was xl times greater at the oblique muscle and 23 times greater for the rectus musculature. (p<0.02).

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Medical scientific discipline monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research , 2007

BACKGROUND Subtract in skin claret menstruum (BF) due to diabetes may be one reason why only 31% of neu... more Background Decrease in skin blood menses (BF) due to diabetes may be ane reason why merely 31% of neuropathic diabetic ulcers heal in 20-weeks. Recent evidence shows that skin blood flow may be increased if therapy is done in a warm room. The purpose of this investigation was to compare healing rates and skin blood flow of chronic stage III and 4 wounds in people with diabetes (D) and those without diabetes (WD) using a warm room and electrical stimulation. Textile/METHODS Xx subjects with chronic stage III and IV wounds were treated at an outpatient wound center. Ten were D, and 10 were WD. Treatment consisted of biphasic electrical stimulation up to twenty ma for 30 minutes, 3 x week for 4 weeks in a 32 degrees C room. Pare claret flow was measured past a Laser Doppler Imager. RESULTS BF increased not just during the stimulation (the increment in BF was greater for D at 87% than WD at six%) at the outside of the wound but even at balance before stimulation started after the initial treatmen...

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One surface area of my research for the past 9-years has been studying electrical stimulation and healing... more than I expanse of my research for the past 9-years has been studying electrical stimulation and healing of chronic wounds [1-ix]. The mention of electric stimulation as a modality is not new, and as well many, not novel (or prove-based). Electric stimulation has been used as a modality to decrease pain for over 100 years. Information technology was FDA approved by the United States for increasing claret flow. Numerous papers have been published over the by l years on electrical stimulation for its ability to decrease pain, facilitate strength, increase blood period and heal wounds. This modality is not novel anymore, or is it? I believe looking at 3 main areas can assist united states of america get an show based consumer of a modality so it may become novel in your practice.

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International Journal of Aquatic Research and Teaching , May i, 2013

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Journal of Novel Physiotherapies

Purpose: To make up one's mind if Kinesio Taping® as a therapeutic intervention will decrease plantar pain... more Purpose: To make up one's mind if Kinesio Taping® as a therapeutic intervention volition subtract plantar pain and improve functional outcomes in individuals with plantar fasciitis (PF). Methods: 10 (7 F/iii M; mean age 40.iii years old) subjects reported for 3 sessions: baseline measurements, after i week of taping application, and later 3 weeks of taping awarding. At each session, the post-obit information were collected: one) Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSK Usa) imaging of plantar fascia thickness via a long-axis scan at the insertion of the calcaneus; 2) Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS); and 3) Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Scores (FAAM). At the initial session, patients were instructed on Kinesio Taping® protocol and supplied with plenty product for daily re-application throughout the written report. A 1-fashion ANOVA was used to compare the outcome measures from the 3 visits. Results: In that location was a trend towards significant decrease in thickness between the baseline and final measures (P=0.063). This study as well revealed a meaning and clinically meaningful decrease in NPRS scores (MCID=2) from baseline measurement to calendar week 3 (P=0.031). No significant changes in FAAM scores for the ADL (P=0.639) or Sports (P=0.107) subscales were revealed over the treatment flow. Conclusion: Kinesio Taping® may exist considered an effective, conservative, and practical intervention in the treatment of plantar fasciitis for short-term pain relief when used with the do protocol. However a larger sample sized written report with a control group is needed to warrant these results.

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Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical enquiry , 2007

Background Wounds, especially in the elderly, can exist life threatening. Ane modality which alleged... more BACKGROUND Wounds, especially in the elderly, tin can be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increases blood flow (BF) equally an aid to heal chronic wounds is electrical stimulation. This technique applies electrical electric current (ES) across wounds. Still, while many studies show positive findings, others do non. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate some of this inconsistency in results by determining the effect of environmental temperature on the apportionment of the pare which may negate the effects of electrical stimulation in a clinical setting. MATERIAL/METHODS X people with no wounds, controls (C), and 12 people with wounds (Due west) were examined in a thermally neutral or cool room (20 degrees C) and a warm room (34 degrees C) to observe the consequence of reducing sympathetic vasoconstrictor activeness on the response to 5 and 15 mA sine wave biphasic ES delivered past 2x2 cm surface electrodes. RESULTS C and W subjects showed a greater BF in the pare in a warm room. In gro...

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Archives of Concrete Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Journal of Acute Care Concrete Therapy

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Cardiopulmonary Concrete Therapy Periodical

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ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal , 2010

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Medical Science Monitor International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research , November 1, 2007

Wounds, particularly in the elderly, can be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increase... more than Wounds, particularly in the elderly, tin can be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increases claret period (BF) every bit an aid to heal chronic wounds is electrical stimulation. This technique applies electric current (ES) beyond wounds. However, while many studies bear witness positive findings, others do not. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate some of this inconsistency in results by determining the effect of environmental temperature on the circulation of the peel which may negate the effects of electric stimulation in a clinical setting. X people with no wounds, controls (C), and 12 people with wounds (W) were examined in a thermally neutral or cool room (20 degrees C) and a warm room (34 degrees C) to observe the effect of reducing sympathetic vasoconstrictor activeness on the response to 5 and 15 mA sine moving ridge biphasic ES delivered by 2x2 cm surface electrodes. C and Due west subjects showed a greater BF in the peel in a warm room. In group C, after 30 minutes of stimulation at a current of 15 milliamps, BF increased significantly (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) simply by an average of merely 4 flux in the cool room. In the warm environs, BF increased significantly (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.01) by 19.3+/-7 flux and increased farther during the 60 minute recovery phase. In the West grouping, BF during ES increased much more during stimulation in a warm room compared to a absurd room. The results show that local vasoconstriction due to exposure to a warm global temperature greatly increases the response of the skin the ES.

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Medical scientific discipline monitor : international medical periodical of experimental and clinical inquiry , 2007

Wounds, especially in the elderly, can be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increase... more Wounds, especially in the elderly, tin be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increases blood menstruum (BF) as an aid to heal chronic wounds is electric stimulation. This technique applies electrical electric current (ES) across wounds. However, while many studies bear witness positive findings, others practice not. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate some of this inconsistency in results by determining the effect of ecology temperature on the circulation of the peel which may negate the effects of electrical stimulation in a clinical setting. Ten people with no wounds, controls (C), and 12 people with wounds (W) were examined in a thermally neutral or absurd room (twenty degrees C) and a warm room (34 degrees C) to observe the effect of reducing sympathetic vasoconstrictor activeness on the response to 5 and 15 mA sine wave biphasic ES delivered by 2x2 cm surface electrodes. C and W subjects showed a greater BF in the pare in a warm room. In group C, after xxx minutes of stimulatio...

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Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research , 2007

Subtract in pare blood menses (BF) due to diabetes may be one reason why only 31% of neuropathic di... more Decrease in skin claret menstruum (BF) due to diabetes may be one reason why only 31% of neuropathic diabetic ulcers heal in 20-weeks. Recent evidence shows that pare claret menses may exist increased if therapy is done in a warm room. The purpose of this investigation was to compare healing rates and skin blood flow of chronic stage III and Iv wounds in people with diabetes (D) and those without diabetes (WD) using a warm room and electrical stimulation. 20 subjects with chronic phase III and IV wounds were treated at an outpatient wound center. Ten were D, and ten were WD. Handling consisted of biphasic electrical stimulation up to 20 ma for 30 minutes, 3 x week for four weeks in a 32 degrees C room. Skin blood flow was measured by a Laser Doppler Imager. BF increased non only during the stimulation (the increment in BF was greater for D at 87% than WD at half-dozen%) at the outside of the wound but even at rest before stimulation started after the initial treatment creating a carryover consequence. There...

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Journal of Acute Intendance Physical Therapy , 2013

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Periodical of Novel Physiotherapies , 2012

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Periodical of Medical Engineering & Engineering science , 2008

Electrical stimulation is a widely used modality in the field of physical therapy and practice ph... more Electrical stimulation is a widely used modality in the field of physical therapy and do physiology. The most common method for the application of electric stimulation is a two-electrode arrangement where one electrode is the source and the other is a reference. Yet, recent studies written report that a more constructive delivery system can exist achieved if more than 2 electrodes are used. In the present investigation, the circuitry to deliver electric stimulation through a 2-, 3- or iv-electrode delivery arrangement was designed. The system was evaluated by its ability to deliver current on the surface of the skin likewise as deep into the quadriceps muscle in six command subjects and in and around wounds in vi other subjects. The results of the experiments showed that much amend depth of penetration was achieved in a 4-electrode system (i electrode was on the reverse side of the limb and 3 electrodes were on top of the limb) than in either a 2- or a three-electrode delivery system. In non-wounded skin, given the same current from the stimulator, the electric current in the quadriceps muscle was found to be double with a 4-electrode versus a ii-electrode system. In wounds, this same finding was seen. Here, blood menses, an indicator of the effectiveness of electrical stimulation in wounds, was three times higher if a multi-channel stimulator was used versus a 2-channel stimulator. Thus a multi-channel electric stimulation organization is more than effective than a 2-electrode system.

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Medical Science Monitor , 2007

Decrease in skin blood flow (BF) due to diabetes may be 1 reason why only 31% of neuropathic di... more than Subtract in peel claret menstruation (BF) due to diabetes may exist one reason why only 31% of neuropathic diabetic ulcers heal in 20-weeks. Recent evidence shows that skin blood menstruation may be increased if therapy is done in a warm room. The purpose of this investigation was to compare healing rates and skin claret flow of chronic stage Iii and IV wounds in people with diabetes (D) and those without diabetes (WD) using a warm room and electrical stimulation. Twenty subjects with chronic stage Iii and 4 wounds were treated at an outpatient wound centre. Ten were D, and ten were WD. Treatment consisted of biphasic electrical stimulation upwards to 20 ma for 30 minutes, 3 10 week for iv weeks in a 32 degrees C room. Skin blood flow was measured by a Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation Doppler Imager. BF increased not only during the stimulation (the increase in BF was greater for D at 87% than WD at 6%) at the exterior of the wound but fifty-fifty at residue earlier stimulation started later the initial treatment creating a carryover consequence. There...

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Purpose: To determine if Kinesio Taping® every bit a therapeutic intervention will decrease plantar hurting... more Purpose: To determine if Kinesio Taping® as a therapeutic intervention will decrease plantar pain and improve functional outcomes in individuals with plantar fasciitis (PF). Methods: 10 (7 F/three M; mean age 40.three years sometime) subjects reported for three sessions: baseline measurements, after 1 calendar week of taping awarding, and after 3 weeks of taping application. At each session, the following data were collected: i) Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSK US) imaging of plantar fascia thickness via a long-axis browse at the insertion of the calcaneus; 2) Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS); and three) Human foot and Ankle Ability Measure out Scores (FAAM). At the initial session, patients were instructed on Kinesio Taping® protocol and supplied with enough product for daily re-application throughout the report. A 1-way ANOVA was used to compare the outcome measures from the 3 visits. Results: There was a trend towards significant decrease in thickness between the baseline and final measures (P=0.063). This stu...

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Twenty subjects were evaluated to examination the effectiveness of a portable intestinal device (vi 2d... more Xx subjects were evaluated to examination the effectiveness of a portable abdominal device (6 second Abs Machine (Savvier, LP, Carlsbad,CA). The human relationship between work and peak surface EMG (sEMG) of a traditional crunch was compared to six unlike exercises using the 6 Second Abs Machine (SAM). sEMG was used to evaluate the bilateral rectus and oblique muscles. The work accomplished (EMG amplitude 10 time of wrinkle) in a crunch was 9 times greater using the SAM device for the Rectus and xi times greater for the Oblique muscles (p<0.02). The sitting opposite exercise was xl times greater at the oblique muscle and 23 times greater for the rectus musculature. (p<0.02).

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Medical science monitor : international medical periodical of experimental and clinical enquiry , 2007

Groundwork Subtract in pare claret period (BF) due to diabetes may be 1 reason why only 31% of neu... more Groundwork Decrease in skin blood flow (BF) due to diabetes may be one reason why only 31% of neuropathic diabetic ulcers heal in twenty-weeks. Recent evidence shows that skin claret menstruation may be increased if therapy is done in a warm room. The purpose of this investigation was to compare healing rates and peel blood menstruum of chronic stage 3 and IV wounds in people with diabetes (D) and those without diabetes (WD) using a warm room and electrical stimulation. Material/METHODS Twenty subjects with chronic stage Iii and IV wounds were treated at an outpatient wound center. Ten were D, and x were WD. Treatment consisted of biphasic electrical stimulation up to 20 ma for thirty minutes, 3 10 week for 4 weeks in a 32 degrees C room. Skin claret menses was measured by a Laser Doppler Imager. RESULTS BF increased non only during the stimulation (the increment in BF was greater for D at 87% than WD at 6%) at the outside of the wound only even at residuum before stimulation started subsequently the initial treatmen...

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1 surface area of my research for the past nine-years has been studying electric stimulation and healing... more than Ane surface area of my research for the past 9-years has been studying electrical stimulation and healing of chronic wounds [1-9]. The mention of electrical stimulation as a modality is not new, and too many, not novel (or evidence-based). Electrical stimulation has been used equally a modality to subtract pain for over 100 years. Information technology was FDA approved by the United States for increasing blood period. Numerous papers take been published over the past 50 years on electrical stimulation for its ability to decrease pain, facilitate strength, increment blood flow and heal wounds. This modality is not novel anymore, or is it? I believe looking at 3 main areas can assistance united states become an bear witness based consumer of a modality and so information technology may become novel in your practise.

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International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education , May 1, 2013

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Journal of Novel Physiotherapies

Purpose: To determine if Kinesio Taping® as a therapeutic intervention will decrease plantar pain... more Purpose: To determine if Kinesio Taping® equally a therapeutic intervention will subtract plantar pain and meliorate functional outcomes in individuals with plantar fasciitis (PF). Methods: x (vii F/3 M; mean historic period twoscore.3 years sometime) subjects reported for 3 sessions: baseline measurements, later i week of taping application, and afterward 3 weeks of taping awarding. At each session, the following data were collected: 1) Musculoskeletal Ultrasound (MSK U.s.a.) imaging of plantar fascia thickness via a long-axis scan at the insertion of the calcaneus; two) Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS); and iii) Pes and Talocrural joint Ability Measure Scores (FAAM). At the initial session, patients were instructed on Kinesio Taping® protocol and supplied with plenty production for daily re-application throughout the study. A 1-way ANOVA was used to compare the outcome measures from the three visits. Results: There was a trend towards pregnant decrease in thickness between the baseline and final measures (P=0.063). This study also revealed a significant and clinically meaningful decrease in NPRS scores (MCID=ii) from baseline measurement to week 3 (P=0.031). No significant changes in FAAM scores for the ADL (P=0.639) or Sports (P=0.107) subscales were revealed over the treatment flow. Decision: Kinesio Taping® may exist considered an effective, conservative, and practical intervention in the treatment of plantar fasciitis for short-term pain relief when used with the do protocol. However a larger sample sized study with a control group is needed to warrant these results.

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Medical scientific discipline monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical enquiry , 2007

BACKGROUND Wounds, especially in the elderly, can be life threatening. One modality which declared... more BACKGROUND Wounds, especially in the elderly, can be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increases blood menstruation (BF) as an aid to heal chronic wounds is electrical stimulation. This technique applies electrical current (ES) across wounds. However, while many studies show positive findings, others practise non. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate some of this inconsistency in results past determining the effect of environmental temperature on the circulation of the skin which may negate the effects of electrical stimulation in a clinical setting. MATERIAL/METHODS Ten people with no wounds, controls (C), and 12 people with wounds (Due west) were examined in a thermally neutral or absurd room (20 degrees C) and a warm room (34 degrees C) to observe the effect of reducing sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity on the response to 5 and xv mA sine wave biphasic ES delivered by 2x2 cm surface electrodes. RESULTS C and W subjects showed a greater BF in the pare in a warm room. In gro...

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Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Journal of Acute Care Concrete Therapy

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Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal

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ACSM's Wellness & Fitness Journal , 2010

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Medical Science Monitor International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research , Nov ane, 2007

Wounds, specially in the elderly, tin can be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increase... more Wounds, especially in the elderly, can be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increases blood menstruum (BF) as an aid to heal chronic wounds is electrical stimulation. This technique applies electrical current (ES) beyond wounds. Nonetheless, while many studies bear witness positive findings, others do not. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate some of this inconsistency in results by determining the consequence of environmental temperature on the circulation of the skin which may negate the effects of electrical stimulation in a clinical setting. 10 people with no wounds, controls (C), and 12 people with wounds (W) were examined in a thermally neutral or cool room (xx degrees C) and a warm room (34 degrees C) to find the upshot of reducing sympathetic vasoconstrictor activeness on the response to 5 and 15 mA sine wave biphasic ES delivered past 2x2 cm surface electrodes. C and West subjects showed a greater BF in the skin in a warm room. In grouping C, subsequently thirty minutes of stimulation at a electric current of 15 milliamps, BF increased significantly (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) just past an average of only iv flux in the absurd room. In the warm environment, BF increased significantly (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.01) past 19.iii+/-7 flux and increased further during the 60 minute recovery phase. In the W grouping, BF during ES increased much more than during stimulation in a warm room compared to a cool room. The results show that local vasoconstriction due to exposure to a warm global temperature greatly increases the response of the pare the ES.

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Medical science monitor : international medical periodical of experimental and clinical research , 2007

Wounds, especially in the elderly, tin be life threatening. One modality which allegedly increase... more Wounds, especially in the elderly, can exist life threatening. One modality which allegedly increases blood menses (BF) as an aid to heal chronic wounds is electric stimulation. This technique applies electrical current (ES) beyond wounds. However, while many studies evidence positive findings, others do not. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate some of this inconsistency in results by determining the effect of environmental temperature on the circulation of the skin which may negate the effects of electrical stimulation in a clinical setting. 10 people with no wounds, controls (C), and 12 people with wounds (W) were examined in a thermally neutral or cool room (xx degrees C) and a warm room (34 degrees C) to observe the issue of reducing sympathetic vasoconstrictor action on the response to 5 and xv mA sine moving ridge biphasic ES delivered by 2x2 cm surface electrodes. C and Due west subjects showed a greater BF in the skin in a warm room. In group C, afterward 30 minutes of stimulatio...

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Medical scientific discipline monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research , 2007

Decrease in peel blood flow (BF) due to diabetes may exist one reason why merely 31% of neuropathic di... more Decrease in skin claret flow (BF) due to diabetes may exist ane reason why simply 31% of neuropathic diabetic ulcers heal in twenty-weeks. Contempo evidence shows that peel blood menstruation may be increased if therapy is done in a warm room. The purpose of this investigation was to compare healing rates and peel blood menses of chronic phase III and Four wounds in people with diabetes (D) and those without diabetes (WD) using a warm room and electric stimulation. Twenty subjects with chronic phase Iii and IV wounds were treated at an outpatient wound heart. X were D, and 10 were WD. Treatment consisted of biphasic electrical stimulation upwards to 20 ma for 30 minutes, 3 10 week for iv weeks in a 32 degrees C room. Peel blood flow was measured past a Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation Doppler Imager. BF increased not simply during the stimulation (the increase in BF was greater for D at 87% than WD at half dozen%) at the outside of the wound simply fifty-fifty at rest before stimulation started after the initial treatment creating a carryover effect. In that location...

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Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy , 2013

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Journal of Novel Physiotherapies , 2012

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Journal of Medical Engineering science & Technology , 2008

Electrical stimulation is a widely used modality in the field of concrete therapy and practice ph... more Electrical stimulation is a widely used modality in the field of physical therapy and exercise physiology. The most common method for the application of electrical stimulation is a 2-electrode system where one electrode is the source and the other is a reference. Notwithstanding, recent studies report that a more effective delivery organisation can be achieved if more than ii electrodes are used. In the present investigation, the circuitry to evangelize electrical stimulation through a 2-, 3- or 4-electrode delivery system was designed. The arrangement was evaluated by its ability to evangelize current on the surface of the skin every bit well as deep into the quadriceps muscle in half-dozen control subjects and in and around wounds in half dozen other subjects. The results of the experiments showed that much better depth of penetration was achieved in a iv-electrode system (i electrode was on the reverse side of the limb and iii electrodes were on top of the limb) than in either a 2- or a three-electrode commitment system. In non-wounded skin, given the same current from the stimulator, the electric current in the quadriceps muscle was found to be double with a iv-electrode versus a 2-electrode organisation. In wounds, this same finding was seen. Hither, blood flow, an indicator of the effectiveness of electric stimulation in wounds, was three times higher if a multi-channel stimulator was used versus a 2-channel stimulator. Thus a multi-aqueduct electrical stimulation system is more effective than a 2-electrode system.

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Source: https://elon.academia.edu/DarylLawson

The Clinical Effects of Kinesioã‚â® Tex Taping a Systematic Review

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